{"id":563,"date":"2023-07-19T04:30:12","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T01:30:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/?p=563"},"modified":"2023-10-26T16:50:41","modified_gmt":"2023-10-26T13:50:41","slug":"internet-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/blog\/internet-nedir","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nternet Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"roww m-0 content-detail-01\">\n<div class=\"colm-md-12 p-x-15\">\n<p class=\"content-desc\">\u0130nternet nedir? \u0130nternetin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fekli nas\u0131ld\u0131r? \u0130nternetin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar geli\u015fimi nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir? T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de internet kullan\u0131m\u0131 nas\u0131l ba\u015flad\u0131? \u0130nternet kavram\u0131 hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgi almak i\u00e7in yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 okuyunuz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"clearfix m-y-15\">\n<article class=\"clearfix p-y-10\">\n<h2>\u0130nternetin Anlam\u0131 Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0130nternet\u00a0<\/strong>d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bilgisayar\u00a0<strong>a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0<\/strong>birbirleriyle konu\u015fmas\u0131na izin veren \u00e7ok geni\u015f ve\u00a0<strong>k\u00fcresel\u00a0<\/strong>bir a\u011fd\u0131r. <strong>\u0130nternet\u00a0<\/strong>d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki en geni\u015f a\u011fa sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ingilizcede \u201c<strong>network\u00a0<\/strong>of\u00a0<strong>networks<\/strong>\u201d yani\u00a0<strong>a\u011flar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumuna G\u00f6re \u0130nternet Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0130nternet:<\/strong>\u00a0Bilgisayar a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine ba\u011flanmas\u0131 sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan, herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 ve y\u00f6neticisi olmayan uluslararas\u0131 bilgi\u00a0<strong>ileti\u015fim a\u011f\u0131. <\/strong><strong>\u0130nternet\u00a0<\/strong>\u00e7ok geni\u015f ve \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131k bir konu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 kaynaklarda internet ile \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 tan\u0131mlar bulabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1317\" src=\"https:\/\/biltek.net.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/internet-nedir.jpg\" alt=\"internet nedir?\" width=\"735\" height=\"484\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/internet-nedir.jpg 735w, https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/internet-nedir-300x198.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130nternet\u00a0<\/strong>ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir di\u011fer ucundaki veri merkezinde bulunan bilgiye an\u0131nda eri\u015febilir, saniyeler i\u00e7inde \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i mail g\u00f6nderebilir, oyun oynayabilir, film seyredebilir, bilgi alabilir ve daha bir\u00e7ok i\u015flemi interneti kullanarak yapabiliriz.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0130nternet Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0130nternetin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda<\/strong>\u00a0yani dijital ortamdaki bilgilerin dola\u015fmas\u0131nda okyanuslar\u0131n binlerce kilometre alt\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en\u00a0<strong>kablolar<\/strong>, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin\u00a0<strong>veri merkezleri<\/strong>, y\u00f6nlendiriciler (<strong>Router<\/strong>),\u00a0<strong>sunucular<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>taray\u0131c\u0131lar<\/strong>, uydu, wi-fi kuleleri gibi bir\u00e7ok donan\u0131m ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip\u00a0<strong>cihaz\u00a0<\/strong>rol oynamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130nternetin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0anlamak i\u00e7in\u00a0<strong>paketler\u00a0<\/strong>ve\u00a0<strong>protokoller\u00a0<\/strong>kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130nternetin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda<\/strong>\u00a0temel olan iki kavram vard\u0131r ve bunlar\u00a0<strong>paketler\u00a0<\/strong>ve\u00a0<strong>protokollerdir<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Paketler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Paketler\u00a0<\/strong>k\u0131saca aktar\u0131lan bilgi ya da dosyan\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0<strong>paketler\u00a0<\/strong>bilgilerin par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu par\u00e7alarla ilgili verileri ve bilgileri i\u00e7erir. Yani internet \u00fczerinden bilgiler g\u00f6nderilirken bu bilgiler daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck paketlere ve \u00e7ok daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan binlerce bite d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130lgili paketler routerlar (y\u00f6nlendiriciler) ve switches (anahtarlar) gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u011f ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile iletilmek istenen hedefe y\u00f6nlendirilir. Y\u00f6nlendirici cihazlar\u0131 burada ilgili veriyi ilgili cihaza y\u00f6nlendiren trafik polisleri gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz.\u00a0<strong>Paketler\u00a0<\/strong>al\u0131c\u0131ya teslim edildi\u011finde al\u0131c\u0131 da paketleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla birle\u015ftirerek verileri ve dosyay\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Paketleri bir \u00f6rnek ile a\u00e7\u0131klamak<\/strong>\u00a0gerekirse \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gardrop ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve bu gardrop size par\u00e7alar\u0131 ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde gelecek ve her par\u00e7an\u0131n nereye monte edilece\u011finin bilgisi de paketlerin \u00fczerinde yer alacak. Siz de par\u00e7alar\u0131 teslim ald\u0131ktan sonra her par\u00e7ay\u0131 montaj s\u0131ralamas\u0131 do\u011frultusunda birle\u015ftirerek gardrobu \u00a0monte edeceksiniz. \u0130nternet \u00fczerinde veri aktar\u0131m\u0131nda da bu \u015fekilde veriler paketlere ayr\u0131larak teslim edilir ve sonras\u0131nda al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan veri\u00a0<strong>paketleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla birle\u015ftirilir<\/strong>\u00a0ve veriye eri\u015fim sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Protokoller<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130nternet \u00fczerinden<\/strong>\u00a0bir bilgisayardan di\u011fer bilgisayarlara \u00a0veri aktar\u0131m i\u015flemlerinin do\u011fru ve g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 standart kal\u0131plara ve\u00a0<strong>protokollere\u00a0<\/strong>ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Birbiri aras\u0131nda internet \u00fczerinden veri aktar\u0131ma sahip cihazlar ve bilgisayarla farkl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlara ve farkl\u0131 donan\u0131mlara sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ikisininde veri aktar\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortak bir dil konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gereken en \u00f6nemli konulardan birisiydi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ki farkl\u0131 cihaz\u0131n veri aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ancak belirli ve standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ortak kullan\u0131lan protokoller vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile sa\u011flanabilirdi.\u00a0Protokol Nedir?<\/p>\n<p>A\u011f (Network) olu\u015fturmada protokol iki veya daha fazla cihaz\u0131n birbirini anlamas\u0131 ve birbirleri ile ileti\u015fim kurarak veri aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in standart bir yoldur.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0130nternetin \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Kullan\u0131lan Protokol T\u00fcrleri<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list\">\n<li>Ayn\u0131 a\u011fda bulunan iki bilgisayar aras\u0131nda veri g\u00f6ndermesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in\u00a0<strong>Ethernet<\/strong>\u00a0Protokol\u00fc<\/li>\n<li>Bir a\u011fdan ba\u015fka bir a\u011fa veri g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in (<strong>IP<\/strong>) \u0130nternet Protokol\u00fc<\/li>\n<li>Farkl\u0131 a\u011flarda g\u00f6nderilen paketlerin s\u0131ras\u0131yla teslim edilmesi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in (<strong>TCP<\/strong>) Transmission Control Protocol Yani Aktar\u0131m Kontrol Protokol\u00fc<\/li>\n<li><strong>World Wide Web\u2019deki<\/strong>\u00a0(<strong>WWW<\/strong>) web siteleri i\u00e7in veri bi\u00e7imlendirmek i\u00e7in\u00a0<strong>HTTP\u00a0<\/strong>protokol\u00fc kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0130nternet Nas\u0131l D\u00fcnya \u00c7ap\u0131nda Kullan\u0131labiliyor?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>internetin\u00a0<\/strong>bug\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnyam\u0131zda bu \u015fekilde d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda kullan\u0131m\u0131 son y\u0131llar\u0131n en\u00a0<strong>b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba<\/strong>\u00a0gerektiren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan birisi diyebiliriz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00fcnyadaki\u00a0<\/strong>t\u00fcm \u00fclkeleri ve cihazlar\u0131\u00a0<strong>birbirine ba\u011flayan<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>internet altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in denizlerden okyanuslara kadar\u00a0<strong>y\u00fcz binlerce kilometre<\/strong>\u00a0fiber optik su alt\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel \u00fcretilen\u00a0<strong>kablolar\u00a0<\/strong>d\u00f6\u015fenmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki yakla\u015f\u0131k bu 300 denizalt\u0131 kablosu bug\u00fcn kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z modern internetin temelini de olu\u015fturuyor diyebiliriz. Bu kablolar verileri yani paketleri hatta \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bitleri \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131nda aktaran sa\u00e7 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u00a0<strong>fiber optik demetlerdir<\/strong>.\u0130nternetin Tarihi<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130nternet\u00a0<\/strong>g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 milyar insan taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan \u00f6nce sadece b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin, bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n, baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin ve baz\u0131 \u00fcniversitelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k olan internet 1900\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada halka a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"list\">\n<li><strong>1969:\u00a0<\/strong>1969 Y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0<strong>ARPANET\u00a0<\/strong>(\u0130leri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Projeler Ajans\u0131) adl\u0131 bir kurum Utah, USBC, UCLA \u00fcniversitelerindeki ve Stanford Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcndeki 4 B\u00fcy\u00fck bilgisayar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u00a0<strong>ARPANET\u00a0<\/strong>olarak bilinmektedir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1970\u2019ler :<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130nternetin geli\u015fmesine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan Ta\u015f\u0131ma Kontrol Protokol\u00fc ve \u0130nternet Protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn icad\u0131 verilerin internet a\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinden nas\u0131l iletildi\u011fi bir standarta ba\u011fland\u0131. Bu iki protokol iki farkl\u0131 cihaz\u0131n birbiriyle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7mesini ve g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde veri aktarmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1986 :<\/strong>\u00a0Ulusal bilim Vakf\u0131 internetin omurgas\u0131 olan\u00a0<strong>NFS NET&#8217;i<\/strong>\u00a0finanse etti<\/li>\n<li><strong>1991 :<\/strong>\u00a0kullan\u0131c\u0131 Dostu Aray\u00fczler olu\u015fturuldu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1992:\u00a0<\/strong>Delphi internet eri\u015fimi sunan ilk ulusal ve ticari \u015firket oldu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1997:\u00a0<\/strong>WiFi nin icad\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1998:<\/strong>\u00a0Microsoft taraf\u0131ndan Windows 98 piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2007\u00a0<\/strong>: Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Telefonlar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li><strong>2009 :<\/strong>\u00a04G A\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u015eimdi :\u00a0<\/strong>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnyada 3 milyara yak\u0131n insan interneti kullan\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130nternet Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Ne Zaman Ba\u015flad\u0131?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de internet<\/strong>\u00a0ile ilgili ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u00a0<strong>1980\u2019li<\/strong>\u00a0y\u0131llarda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. 1987 Y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmir\u2019in en k\u00f6kl\u00fc \u00fcniversitesi olan\u00a0<strong>Ege \u00dcniversitesi<\/strong>\u00a0\u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde T\u00fcrkiye \u00dcniversite ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumlar\u0131 A\u011f\u0131 (T\u00dcVAKA) ad\u0131 ile\u00a0<strong>akademik tabanl\u0131 bir a\u011f<\/strong>\u00a0olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ilk<\/strong>\u00a0akademik tabanl\u0131 olmayan bir\u00e7ok kamu ve kurulu\u015fu internet ile kavu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan internet a\u011f\u0131 projesi de\u00a0<strong>1991\u00a0<\/strong>y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0<strong>ODT\u00dc\u00a0<\/strong>ve\u00a0<strong>T\u00fcbitak\u00a0<\/strong>taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. \u0130lk deneysel ba\u011flant\u0131\u00a0<strong>1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda<\/strong>\u00a0Hollanda&#8217;ya yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda\u00a0<strong>1993 Y\u0131l\u0131nda<\/strong>\u00a0ABD\u2019de NFS NET&#8217;e yap\u0131lan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ba\u011fland\u0131ktan sonra\u00a0<strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de internetin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996 y\u0131l\u0131ndan<\/strong>\u00a0sonra \u00fclkede bir\u00e7ok kurum ve kurulu\u015f internet \u00fczerinden yay\u0131n yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0<strong>1990\u2019l\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0y\u0131llar\u0131n sonu ve 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda\u00a0<strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin<\/strong>\u00a0\u015fu anki ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 emlak sitelerinden olan\u00a0<strong>sahibinden.com<\/strong>\u00a0ve \u00f6nc\u00fc e-ticaret \u015firketi olan\u00a0<strong>gittigidiyor.com<\/strong> hayata internet \u00fczerinden hayata ge\u00e7irildi.\u00a0<strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de<\/strong>\u00a02002 y\u0131l\u0131nda n\u00fcfusun %12\u2019lik k\u0131sm\u0131 internet eri\u015fim sa\u011flarken bu rakam 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda gelindi\u011finde\u00a0<strong>%82 lere kadar y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>\u0130nternet nedir? \u0130nternetin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fekli nas\u0131ld\u0131r? \u0130nternetin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar geli\u015fimi nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir? T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de internet kullan\u0131m\u0131 nas\u0131l ba\u015flad\u0131? \u0130nternet kavram\u0131 hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgi almak i\u00e7in yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/blog\/internet-nedir\" title=\"\u0130nternet Nedir?\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1315,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[198],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-web-tasarim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/563","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=563"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/563\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1318,"href":"https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/563\/revisions\/1318"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1315"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=563"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=563"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biltek.net.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=563"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}